02401nas a2200265   4500000000100000008004100001260003700042653002400079653005700103653002400160653002400184653002500208100001300233700001300246700001200259700001300271700001300284700001600297245012200313856009900435300000900534490000700543520157100550022001402121       2023                            d  bPublic Library of Science (PLoS)10aInfectious Diseases10aPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health10adiagnostic capacity10atreatment practices10aimplantation mycoses1 aMilani B1 aDagne DA1 aChoi HL1 aSchito M1 aStone HA1 aNosanchuk J00aDiagnostic capacities and treatment practices on implantation mycoses: Results from the 2022 WHO global online survey  uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011443&type=printable  a1-200 v173 a<p>Between January and March 2022, WHO conducted a global online survey to collect data on diagnostic capacities and treatment practices in different settings for four implantation mycoses: eumycetoma, actinomycetoma, cutaneous sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis. The survey investigated the type of diagnostic methods available in countries at various health system levels (tertiary, secondary, primary level) and the medicines used to treat implantation mycoses, with a view to understanding the level of drug repurposing for treatment of these diseases. 142 respondents from 47 countries, including all continents, contributed data: 60% were from middle-income countries, with 59% working at the tertiary level of the health system and 30% at the secondary level. The results presented in this article provide information on the current diagnostic capacity and treatment trends for both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. In addition, the survey provides insight on refractory case rates, as well as other challenges, such as availability and affordability of medicines, especially in middle-income countries. Although the study has limitations, the survey-collected data confirms that drug repurposing is occurring for all four surveyed implantation mycoses. The implementation of an openly accessible global and/or a national treatment registry for implantation mycoses could contribute to address the gaps in epidemiological information and collect valuable observational data to inform treatment guidelines and clinical research.</p>
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