01686nas a2200229   4500000000100000008004100001653001800042653001500060653001100075653001800086653003300104653001200137100001100149700001400160700001200174245008000186856007800266300000900344490000600353520108300359022001401442       2008                            d10aLeishmaniasis10aLeishmania10aHumans10aGlobal health10aCommunicable Disease Control10aAnimals1 aBern C1 aMaguire J1 aAlvar J00aComplexities of assessing the disease burden attributable to leishmaniasis.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2569207/pdf/pntd.0000313.pdf  ae3130 v23 a<p>Among parasitic diseases, morbidity and mortality caused by leishmaniasis are surpassed only by malaria and lymphatic filariasis. However, estimation of the leishmaniasis disease burden is challenging, due to clinical and epidemiological diversity, marked geographic clustering, and lack of reliable data on incidence, duration, and impact of the various disease syndromes. Non-health effects such as impoverishment, disfigurement, and stigma add to the burden, and introduce further complexities. Leishmaniasis occurs globally, but has disproportionate impact in the Horn of Africa, South Asia and Brazil (for visceral leishmaniasis), and Latin America, Central Asia, and southwestern Asia (for cutaneous leishmaniasis). Disease characteristics and challenges for control are reviewed for each of these foci. We recommend review of reliable secondary data sources and collection of baseline active survey data to improve current disease burden estimates, plus the improvement or establishment of effective surveillance systems to monitor the impact of control efforts.</p>
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