03507nas a2200373   4500000000100000008004100001653003800042653001900080653002800099653001900127653003900146653002900185653002500214100001500239700001100254700001600265700001800281700001400299700001200313700001400325700001800339700001300357700001500370700001700385700001500402700001200417700001600429245013700445856009800582300001300680490000700693520241900700022001403119       2017                            d10aSoil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs)10aShistosomiasis10apreventive chemotherapy10aonchocerciasis10aNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs)10aMass drug administration10aLymphatic filariasis1 aRedekop WK1 aLenk E1 aLuyendijk M1 aFitzpatrick C1 aNiessen L1 aStolk W1 aTediosi F1 aRijnsburger A1 aBakker R1 aHontelez J1 aRichardus JH1 aJacobson J1 aVlas SJ1 aSeverens JL00aThe socioeconomic benefit to individuals of achieving the 2020 targets for five preventive chemotherapy neglected tropical diseases.  uhttp://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005289&type=printable  ae00052890 v113 a<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and trachoma represent the five most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). They can be controlled or eliminated by means of safe and cost-effective interventions delivered through programs of Mass Drug Administration (MDA)-also named Preventive Chemotherapy (PCT). The WHO defined targets for NTD control/elimination by 2020, reinforced by the 2012 London Declaration, which, if achieved, would result in dramatic health gains. We estimated the potential economic benefit of achieving these targets, focusing specifically on productivity and out-of-pocket payments.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Productivity loss was calculated by combining disease frequency with productivity loss from the disease, from the perspective of affected individuals. Productivity gain was calculated by deducting the total loss expected in the target achievement scenario from the loss in a counterfactual scenario where it was assumed the pre-intervention situation in 1990 regarding NTDs would continue unabated until 2030. Economic benefits from out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) were calculated similarly. Benefits are reported in 2005 US$ (purchasing power parity-adjusted and discounted at 3% per annum from 2010). Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the influence of changes in input parameters.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The economic benefit from productivity gain was estimated to be I$251 billion in 2011-2020 and I$313 billion in 2021-2030, considerably greater than the total OPPs averted of I$0.72 billion and I$0.96 billion in the same periods. The net benefit is expected to be US$ 27.4 and US$ 42.8 for every dollar invested during the same periods. Impact varies between NTDs and regions, since it is determined by disease prevalence and extent of disease-related productivity loss.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Achieving the PCT-NTD targets for 2020 will yield significant economic benefits to affected individuals. Despite large uncertainty, these benefits far exceed the investment required by governments and their development partners within all reasonable scenarios. Given the concentration of the NTDs among the poorest households, these investments represent good value for money in efforts to share the world's prosperity and reduce inequity.</p>
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