02626nas a2200373   4500000000100000008004100001653001300042653001300055653003000068653001500098653000900113653001100122653001100133653002200144653001100166653003300177653003700210653002600247653002100273653001000294653001400304653001900318653001700337653002600354100001500380700001400395700001200409700001100421245010300432300001000535490000700545520168600552022001402238       2012                            d10aTrachoma10aTanzania10aSeverity of Illness Index10aPrevalence10aMale10aInfant10aHumans10aFollow-Up Studies10aFemale10aDrug Administration Schedule10aDose-Response Relationship, Drug10aChlamydia trachomatis10aChild, Preschool10aChild10aBlindness10aBacterial Load10aAzithromycin10aAnti-Bacterial Agents1 aCampbell P1 aMkocha HA1 aMunoz B1 aWest S00aTwo-day dosing versus one-day dosing of azithromycin in children with severe trachoma in Tanzania.  a38-420 v193 a<p><strong>PURPOSE: </strong>To determine whether 2-day dosing of azithromycin may improve the efficacy of azithromycin dosing in children with severe trachoma.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Fifty children with severe trachoma (defined as either trachoma intense or follicular trachoma with ten or more follicles) were enrolled from five villages in Kongwa, Tanzania. Enrollment occurred within 1 month and within the same district as the historical control population of 99 children with severe trachoma, all of whom received 1-day dosing. Baseline data on age, sex, and trachoma status were obtained, and swabs for determination of Chlamydia trachomatis were taken. All 50 children received 20 mg/kg azithromycin daily for 2 days, which was directly observed. Children were followed up at 6 weeks for trachoma and infection. The laboratory was masked to treatment assignment.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Baseline characteristics were similar between the treatment group and the control group. A total of 1/46 (2.2%) of children in the treatment group were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive at 6 weeks, a 96.3% reduction from baseline, compared to 13/96 (13.5%) in the historical control group, an 89.4% reduction. This difference was statistically significant. However when modeled using logistic regression and accounting for age, gender, weight, and baseline percent PCR positivity, the difference was not significant. Prevalence of clinical trachoma did not differ between the groups at 6 weeks.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>For children with severe trachoma, a randomized controlled trial of 2-day versus 1-day treatment may be warranted.</p>
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