01609nas a2200217   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653002800055653001900083653001700102100001100119700002100130700001200151700001200163245009300175300001000268490000800278050001400286520107700300022001401377       2014                            d  c2014 Feb10aStigma (health related)10aPublic  health10aIntervention1 aCook J1 aPurdie-Vaughns V1 aMeyer I1 aBusch J00aIntervening within and across levels: A multilevel approach to stigma and public health.  a101-90 v103  aCOOK 20143 aThis article uses a multilevel approach to review the literature on interventions with promise to reduce social stigma and its consequences for population health. Three levels of an ecological system are discussed. The intrapersonal level describes interventions directed at individuals, to either enhance coping strategies of people who belong to stigmatized groups or change attitudes and behaviors of the non-stigmatized. The interpersonal level describes interventions that target dyadic or small group interactions. The structural level describes interventions directed at the social-political environment, such as laws and policies. These intervention levels are related and they reciprocally affect one another. In this article we review the literature within each level. We suggest that interventions at any level have the potential to affect other levels of an ecological system through a process of mutually reinforcing reciprocal processes. We discuss research priorities, in particular longitudinal research that incorporates multiple outcomes across a system.  a1873-5347