02875nas a2200409   4500000000100000008004100001260003700042653003100079653001000110653000900120653002600129653002100155653003300176653001100209653001100220653004500231653000900276653001600285653002600301653001800327653003100345653003100376653001600407100002000423700001500443700001600458700001200474700001500486700001600501700001700517700001800534245009300552300001300645490000700658520178600665022001402451       2012                            d  c2012bInforma HealthcareaLondon10aActivities of Daily Living10aAdult10aAged10aDisability Evaluation10aDisabled Persons10aFactor Analysis, Statistical10aFemale10aHumans10aInternational Classification of Diseases10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aPatient Participation10aPsychometrics10aReproducibility of Results10aSurveys and Questionnaires10aYoung Adult1 aStevelink S A M1 aHoekstra T1 aNardi S M T1 aZee C H1 aBanstola N1 aPremkumar R1 aNicholls P G1 avan Brakel WH00aDevelopment and structural validation of a shortened version of the Participation Scale.  a1596-6070 v343 a<p><strong>PURPOSE: </strong>To validate a shortened version of the Participation Scale (P-scale) that will be quicker to use and to describe the factor structure found in the P-scale data in various study samples.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>A large multi-country and multi-cultural database was compiled consisting of 5125 respondents. Item analysis, explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to identify items for deletion and investigate the factor structure of the P-scale.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The multi-country database included 11 databases from six different countries. Respondents were affected by a range of health conditions, including leprosy, HIV/AIDS, dermatological conditions and various disabilities. Of the respondents included 57% were male. The P-scale Short (PSS) contains 13 items. A two-factor structure, with factors named "work-related participation" (three items) and "general participation" (10 items), showed the best model fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.983, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.979, Rooted Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.061). The Cronbach's alphas were very good for both the whole scale and the subscales, 0.91, 0.83 and 0.90, respectively. Correlation between the two factors was high (r = 0.75) indicating that interpreting the P-scale as measuring an overall factor "participation" is still valid. A very high correlation (r = 0.99) was found between the full P-scale and the PSS.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>The findings suggest good validity of the P-scale across a range of languages and cultures. However, field testing needs to confirm the validity of the PSS to measure the level of social participation restrictions across cultures and health conditions.</p>
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