02264nas a2200265   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001500054653001300069653002200082653002200104653003300126653002300159100001200182700001500194700001300209700001100222700001200233245007800245856007300323300001400396490000700410520156700417022001401984       2025                            d  c01/202510aEco-toilet10aEthiopia10aExcreta recycling10aResource recovery10aResource-oriented sanitation10aWillingness to pay1 aAbebe T1 aNovotný J1 aHasman J1 aMamo B1 aTucho G00aBarriers to transition to resource-oriented sanitation in rural Ethiopia.  uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-025-35887-6.pdf  a2668-26810 v323 a<p>Recycling excreta resources through resource-oriented toilet systems (ROTS) holds transformative potential, yet adoption remains limited, especially where benefits could be high. This study aims to understand constraints hindering the adoption of ROTS in one such area in Ethiopia. Based on a survey among 476 households comprising 2393 individuals, we examine the plans to use ROTS and willingness to pay for ROTS and apply structural equation modelling to analyze the drivers of these two outcomes while comparing the explanative power of the extended technology acceptance model, extended theory of planned behaviour, and their combined model. While 40% of households expressed a plan to use ROTS and 20% reported willingness to pay for a subsidized ROTS with a biogas unit, merely 7% revealed both the plan to use and sufficient willingness to pay, highlighting the need to target both these complementary outcomes concurrently. The theory of planned behaviour showed the best explanative power, also revealing that these two outcomes are influenced by partly distinct sets&nbsp;of factors. Findings imply that common efforts to ease objective constraints through subsidies, which incentivize willingness to pay, are necessary but not sufficient for facilitating the adoption of ROTS. To simultaneously enhance intentions to use, it is also recommended to target psychosocial drivers, such as perceived behavioural control and perceived community support, through awareness creation, behaviour change activities, and community engagement techniques.</p>
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