02975nas a2200325   4500000000100000008004100001260003400042653001100076653001800087653001900105653003000124653002400154100001300178700001700191700001300208700001400221700001200235700001000247700001700257700001700274700001400291700001700305700001500322245006700337856007900404300001400483490000700497520213100504022001402635       2024                            d  bOxford University Press (OUP)10agender10agender equity10aHealth systems10aMonitoring and evaluation10aHealth inequalities1 aMorgan R1 aKalbarczyk A1 aDecker M1 aElnakib S1 aIgusa T1 aLuo A1 aOladimeji AT1 aNakatabira M1 aPeters DH1 aPrihartono I1 aMalhotra A00aGender-responsive monitoring and evaluation for health systems  uhttps://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/39/9/1000/59758560/czae073.pdf  a1000-10050 v393 a<p>Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) for health and health systems interventions and programs is vital to improve health, health systems, and gender equality outcomes. It can be used to identify and address gender disparities in program participation, outcomes and benefits, as well as ensure that programs are designed and implemented in a way that is inclusive and accessible for all. While gender-responsive M&amp;E is most effective when interventions and programs intentionally integrate a gender lens, it is relevant for all health systems programs and interventions. Within the literature, gender-responsive M&amp;E is defined in different and diverse ways, making it difficult to operationalize. This is compounded by the complexity and multi-faceted nature of gender. Within this methodological musing, we present our evolving approach to gender-responsive M&amp;E which we are operationalizing within the Monitoring for Gender and Equity project. We define gender-responsive M&amp;E as intentionally integrating the needs, rights, preferences of, and power relations among, women and girls, men and boys, and gender minority individuals, as well as across social, political, economic, and health systems in M&amp;E processes. This is done through the integration of different types of gender data and indicators, including: sex- or gender-specific, sex- or gender-disaggregated, sex- or gender-specific/disaggregated which incorporate needs, rights and preferences, and gender power relations and systems indicators. Examples of each of these are included within the paper. Active approaches can also enhance the gender-responsiveness of any M&amp;E activities, including incorporating an intersectional lens and tailoring the types of data and indicators included and processes used to the specific context. Incorporating gender into the programmatic cycle, including M&amp;E, can lead to more fit-for-purpose, effective and equitable programs and interventions. The framework presented in this paper provides an outline of how to do this, enabling the uptake of gender-responsive M&amp;E.</p>
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