02387nas a2200205   4500000000100000008004100001653003200042653001700074653003200091100001700123700001100140700001400151700001500165700001300180700002400193245008200217856007900299300000900378520179400387       2024                            d10aMucocutaneous Leishmaniasis10aDrug Therapy10aCost-effectiveness analysis1 aCarvalho JDP1 aCota G1 aFreire ML1 aGalvão EL1 aSilva SN1 aMachado de Assis TS00aCost-effectiveness study of therapeutic approaches for mucosal leishmaniasis   uhttps://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/8669/19572  a1-133 a<p>This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of four therapeutic ap-proaches available for mucosal leishmaniasis in Brazil: miltefosine, meglu-mine antimoniate, combined with and without pentoxifylline, and liposomal amphotericin B. The perspective adopted was that of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The outcome of interest was “cured patient”, which was analyzed using a decision tree model. Estimates of direct costs and effectiveness were obtained from the scientific literature. Meglumine anti-moniate alone was the base comparator strategy; liposomal amphotericin B showed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD 7,409.13 per cured patient, and the combination of meglumine antimoniate with pentoxi-fylline presented an ICER of USD 85.13. Miltefosine was absolutely domi-nated, with higher cost and similar effectiveness when compared to meglumine antimoniate. Sensitivity analyses, varying the cost by ±25%, did not change the results. However, when the cost of miltefosine was estimated at less than USD 171.23, this strategy was dominant over meglumine antimoniate alone. The results confirm that treatment with liposomal amphotericin B remains the op-tion with the highest ICER among the approaches analyzed. Miltefosine may be cost-effective based on the variation in the acquisition price, which deserves attention because it is the only available oral option. The non-accounting of other aspects prevent the use of these results immediately to support decision-making, but they point out the need to negotiate the prices of drugs available for mucosal leishmaniasis and indicates the need of encouraging technology transfer or other actions aimed at expanding the performance of the Brazilian national industrial complex.</p>