02779nas a2200469   4500000000100000008004100001260003400042653001800076653002600094653001600120653001600136653001300152653001300165100001500178700001400193700001300207700001600220700001300236700001300249700001300262700001400275700001400289700001400303700001200317700001400329700002100343700001400364700001400378700001500392700001300407700001300420700001200433700001200445700001500457700002000472245012200492856008100614300001200695490000700707520157000714022002502284       2023                            d  bOxford University Press (OUP)10aAcceptability10aChlamydia trachomatis10aFeasibility10aPhotography10aTanzania10aTrachoma1 aBisanzio D1 aButcher R1 aTurbé V1 aMatsumoto K1 aDinesh C1 aMassae P1 aDejene M1 aJimenez C1 aMacleod C1 aMatayan E1 aMpyet C1 aPavluck A1 aSaboyá-Díaz MI1 aTadesse F1 aTalero SL1 aSolomon AW1 aNgondi J1 aKabona G1 aUisso C1 aSimon A1 aMwingira U1 aHarding-Esch EM00aAccuracy, acceptability and feasibility of photography for use in trachoma surveys: a mixed methods study in Tanzania  uhttps://academic.oup.com/inthealth/article-pdf/16/4/416/58393968/ihad111.pdf  a416-4270 v163 a<p><strong>Background: </strong>Photography could be used to train individuals to diagnose trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) as trachoma prevalence decreases and to ensure accurate field TF grading in trachoma prevalence surveys. We compared photograph and field TF grading and determined the acceptability and feasibility of eyelid photography to community members and trachoma survey trainers.</p>

<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 children ages 1–9&nbsp;y were examined for TF in two Maasai villages in Tanzania. Two images of the right everted superior tarsal conjunctiva of each child were taken with a smartphone and a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Two graders independently graded all photos. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with community members and Tropical Data trainers.</p>

<p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 391 photos, one-fifth were discarded as ungradable. Compared with field grading, photo grading consistently underdiagnosed TF. Compared with field grading, DSLR photo grading resulted in a higher prevalence and sensitivity than smartphone photo grading. FGDs indicated that communities and trainers found photography acceptable and preferred smartphones to DSLR in terms of practicalities, but image quality was of paramount importance for trainers.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Photography is acceptable and feasible, but further work is needed to ensure high-quality images that enable accurate and consistent grading before being routinely implemented in trachoma surveys.</p>
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