02962nas a2200361   4500000000100000008004100001260001600042653001600058653001700074653002200091653004500113653002000158653001400178653001500192100001200207700001900219700002200238700001900260700001500279700001500294700001200309700001600321700001400337700001500351700001400366700001300380245015600393856007000549300000900619490000700628520195100635022001402586       2024                            d  bElsevier BV10aSchistosoma10aPraziquantel10aAnti-schistosomal10aArtificial Intelligence in Public Health10aSchistosomiasis10aCercariae10a Miracidia1 aEkloh W1 aAsafu-Adjaye A1 aTawiah-Mensah CNL1 aAyivi-Tosuh SM1 aQuartey NK1 aAiduenu AF1 aGayi BK1 aKoudonu JAM1 aBasing LA1 aYamoah JAA1 aDofuor AK1 aOsei JHN00aA comprehensive exploration of schistosomiasis: Global impact, molecular characterization, drug discovery, artificial intelligence and future prospects  uhttps://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2405-8440%2824%2909101-1  a1-220 v103 a<p>Schistosomiasis, one of the neglected tropical diseases which affects both humans and animals, is caused by trematode worms of the genus&nbsp;<em>Schistosoma</em>. The disease is caused by several species of&nbsp;<em>Schistosoma</em>&nbsp;which affect several organs such as urethra, liver, bladder, intestines, skin and bile ducts. The life cycle of the disease involves an intermediate host (snail) and a mammalian host. It affects people who are in close proximity to water bodies where the intermediate host is abundant. Common clinical manifestations of the disease at various stages include fever, chills, headache, cough, dysuria, hyperplasia and hydronephrosis. To date, most of the control strategies are dependent on effective diagnosis, chemotherapy and public health education on the biology of the vectors and parasites. Microscopy (Kato-Katz) is considered the golden standard for the detection of the parasite, while praziquantel is the drug of choice for the mass treatment of the disease since no vaccines have yet been developed. Most of the previous reviews on schistosomiasis have concentrated on epidemiology, life cycle, diagnosis, control and treatment. Thus, a comprehensive review that is in tune with modern developments is needed. Here, we extend this domain to cover historical perspectives, global impact, symptoms and detection, biochemical and molecular characterization, gene therapy, current drugs and vaccine status. We also discuss the prospects of using plants as potential and alternative sources of novel anti-schistosomal agents. Furthermore, we highlight advanced molecular techniques, imaging and artificial intelligence that may be useful in the future detection and treatment of the disease. Overall, the proper detection of schistosomiasis using state-of-the-art tools and techniques, as well as development of vaccines or new anti-schistosomal drugs may aid in the elimination of the disease.</p>
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